The term "Little Five" refers to a collection of small animals in Africa that are often associated with their larger counterparts in the "Big Five" game animals. While the Big Five (lion, elephant, buffalo, leopard, and rhinoceros) are well-known for their size and significance in safaris, the Little Five are smaller creatures, each with its own unique characteristics.
While many wildlife enthusiasts are familiar with the famous Big Five animals in Africa, did you know there's also a lesser-known family called the Little Five? Even though they're not the tiniest creatures, spotting the Little Five on a safari is quite challenging due to their smaller size. Interestingly, the Big Five got their name not because they are physically larger, but because they are tough to hunt and can pose a threat to hunters. On the other hand, the term "Little Five" was coined to draw attention to the smaller, less noticeable, but equally fascinating animals of the savanna.
Elephant Shrew
These creatures are tiny mammals that eat insects, possessing a nose resembling a trunk, and they are exclusive to Africa. They are known for being timid and swift, able to leap nearly 3 feet high despite being only about 12 inches long as adults. Due to their jumping ability, they are often called the jumping shrew. Currently, there are 18 recognized species of these shrews. Among the Little Five, many consider elephant shrews the most adorable. One specific species, the gray-faced sengi, is endangered and can only be found in Tanzania, particularly in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park.
Antlion.
This is the tiniest creature among the Little Five, even though it's not related to ants or lions. They are called antlions because they frequently eat ants, and the larvae display aggressive behavior, similar to that of a lion. There are more than 2,000 different species of antlions found worldwide. As they reach full adulthood, antlions grow wings and look like insects such as dragonflies. They undergo a metamorphosis process similar to that of a caterpillar.
Leopard Tortoise
This is the largest among the Little Five and has a lifespan ranging from 75 to 100 years. Leopard Tortoises are spread across many areas in Eastern and Southern Africa. Adults usually grow to about 16 inches in size. These tortoises are commonly solitary and can be seen strolling along roadsides. They get their name from the gold and black patterns on their shells, resembling those of a leopard.
Rhino Beetle
These belong to the largest beetle species globally and can grow up to 6 inches long, although those in East Africa are typically around 3 inches. The rhino beetle gets its name from the horn on its head, similar to that of a rhino. Unlike rhinos, though, rhino beetles are harmless to humans, despite their intimidating appearance. The beetle uses its horn for digging food and as a defense mechanism. Pound for pound, the rhino beetle is one of the strongest animals on the planet, capable of carrying 850 times its own weight, while an elephant can only carry 25 times its own weight.
Buffalo Weaver
There are three types of this bird: the red-billed buffalo weaver, white-billed buffalo weaver, and white-headed buffalo weaver; the latter is indigenous to East Africa. Tanzania is among the rare countries where all three species of this bird can be discovered! Buffalo Weavers can reach a size of up to 9.5 inches and consume fruits, seeds, and small insects. They frequently reside in sizable groups and are quite noticeable because of their noisy calls.
For a closer look at the Little Five's smaller members, venture closer to the ground on hikes and walking safaris. Even if your walk has a different focus, such as a chimp or gorilla journey, you have a good chance of spotting little wildlife along your path—especially if you inform your guide that it's a priority. Discover Africa's Small Five animals and consider exploring specific regions with their own lists of little fauna unique to the area.
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In addition to Africa's Little Five, some regions have their own lists of small fauna specific to their country or area. For example, the Serengeti-Maasai Mara habitat is home to five small mammals found only in Tanzania and Kenya. What small/little Five animals are at the top of your "must-see" list on safari? To organize your Small/Little Five adventure, reach out to Travel Wise Safari.
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